What is a Pheochromocytoma?

It is a rare tumor (usually benign) that grows in the adrenal gland and secretes massive amounts of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). It causes sudden, severe spikes in blood pressure.

Classic Triad of Symptoms:

• Severe Headaches.
• Profuse Sweating.
• Rapid, Pounding Heartbeat (Palpitations).

These come in "attacks" or "spells" that can last minutes to hours.

Other Symptoms:

• Anxiety or sense of impending doom.
• Tremors.
• Pale skin.
• High blood pressure (often extremely high during attacks, but can be normal between attacks).

Why is it called "The Great Masquerader"?

It mimics panic attacks, heart problems, or thyroid disease. It is rare but very dangerous if missed. Undiagnosed pheos can cause stroke, heart attack, or sudden death (especially during surgery).

Diagnosis:

• 24-Hour Urine Metanephrines: Breakdown products of adrenaline.
• Blood Plasma Metanephrines: Very sensitive test.
• CT or MRI: To locate the tumor.

Treatment:

• Surgery: The tumor must be removed.
• Preoperative Preparation: Critical! The patient must take alpha-blockers (Phenoxybenzamine) for 2-3 weeks before surgery to prevent a hypertensive crisis during anesthesia.