What is Diabetic Neuropathy?

It is nerve damage caused by chronic high blood sugar. Over time, glucose damages the small blood vessels that feed nerves, causing them to malfunction or die.

Types:

• Peripheral Neuropathy (Most Common): Affects the feet and hands.
• Autonomic Neuropathy: Affects nerves controlling internal organs (heart, digestion, bladder).
• Focal Neuropathy: Sudden weakness of one nerve (e.g., foot drop, double vision).

Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy:

• Numbness, tingling, or "pins and needles" in feet/hands.
• Burning pain: Especially at night.
• Loss of sensation: Cannot feel cuts, blisters, or temperature (dangerous).
• Weakness: Difficulty walking or buttoning shirts.

Why is it dangerous?

Loss of sensation means you may not notice a foot injury. This can lead to infection, ulcers, and amputation. Daily foot checks are critical.

Treatment:

• Control Blood Sugar: The ONLY way to prevent progression.
• Pain Management: Gabapentin, Pregabalin (Lyrica), Duloxetine (Cymbalta), or topical creams (Capsaicin).
• Foot Care: Proper shoes, daily inspection, podiatrist visits.