What is Growth Hormone Deficiency?

The pituitary gland (a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain) produces Growth Hormone (GH). GH is needed for bones to grow and for muscles to develop. In GHD, the pituitary doesn't make enough of this hormone. It can be present at birth (congenital) or happen later due to a brain injury or tumor.

What are the signs?

• Slow Growth: The child grows very slowly (often less than 2 inches a year).
• Younger Appearance: They may look much younger than their classmates ("cherubic" face).
• Body Fat: They may have increased fat around the waist ("chubby" midsection).
• Teeth: Delayed loss of baby teeth.

How is it diagnosed?

A simple blood test isn't enough because GH comes in "pulses" (mostly while sleeping).

• IGF-1 Level: A screening blood test. If low, it suggests GHD.
• GH Stimulation Test: A specialized test done in the clinic. The child is given medication to stimulate the pituitary, and blood is drawn multiple times to see if the gland responds.
• MRI: A scan of the brain to check the pituitary gland's shape.

How is it treated?

• Daily Injections: Synthetic Growth Hormone is given as a shot under the skin (usually in the thigh or buttocks) once a day, typically at bedtime.
• Duration: Treatment continues until the child's growth plates close (end of puberty).
• Safety: It is generally safe and effective. Side effects are rare but can include headaches or joint pain.

Will my child reach a normal height?

With early diagnosis and consistent treatment, most children with GHD reach a normal adult height consistent with their family genetics.